Glossary

Bulk freight terminology

Learn the language of bulk freight. From BOLs and scale tickets to tare weights and demurrage, every term you need to know.

Belt Trailer

Equipment

A trailer that uses a conveyor belt on the floor to unload bulk commodities. Common for aggregates and materials that need controlled unloading.

Bill of Lading (BOL)

Documents

A legal document between a shipper and carrier detailing the type, quantity, and destination of goods being carried. In bulk freight, BOLs include commodity type, weight, and origin/destination.

Bulk Freight

General

Commodities transported in large, unpackaged quantities like grain, sand, gravel, fertilizer, and liquids. Bulk freight is typically measured by weight (tons) rather than piece count.

Deadhead

Operations

Miles driven without a load (empty). Deadhead miles are a major cost for carriers and reducing them is key to profitability. BulkTMS tracks deadhead per driver and per lane.

Demurrage

Billing

A charge for excessive loading or unloading time beyond the agreed-upon free time. In bulk freight, demurrage often occurs at elevators, quarries, and job sites during peak seasons.

Dispatch Board

Operations

A centralized view showing all loads, drivers, and statuses. Modern dispatch boards like BulkTMS replace whiteboards and spreadsheets with real-time digital management.

Dockage

Agriculture

Foreign material (weed seeds, stems, chaff) found in a grain sample. Dockage reduces the net weight used for payment calculations.

End Dump

Equipment

A trailer that unloads by raising its front end, allowing cargo to slide out the rear gate. Common for aggregates, sand, gravel, and construction materials.

Fuel Surcharge

Billing

An additional charge applied to freight rates to offset fluctuating fuel costs. Typically calculated as a percentage of the base rate.

Grain Grade

Agriculture

A quality classification for grain based on test weight, moisture content, damaged kernels, and foreign material. Common grades include #1, #2, and #3 Yellow Corn.

Gross Weight

Weight

The total weight of a loaded truck including the trailer, tractor, and cargo. Gross weight minus tare weight equals net weight (the weight of the commodity).

Hopper Bottom

Equipment

A trailer with a V-shaped bottom and gates that allow bulk commodities to be unloaded by gravity. The most common trailer type for grain and dry bulk hauling.

IFTA (International Fuel Tax Agreement)

Compliance

An agreement between US states and Canadian provinces for reporting fuel use by motor carriers operating in more than one jurisdiction.

Lane

Operations

A specific origin-destination route. Carriers analyze lanes by profitability, volume, and deadhead to optimize their dispatch decisions.

Load Board

General

An online marketplace where shippers and brokers post available loads and carriers search for freight. BulkLoads.com is the #1 load board for bulk freight.

Moisture Content

Agriculture

The percentage of water in a grain sample. Moisture affects grade, price, and storage. Typical acceptable moisture for corn is 15% or less.

Net Weight

Weight

The weight of the commodity alone, calculated by subtracting tare weight from gross weight. Net weight determines payment in per-ton billing.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

Technology

Technology that reads text from images. BulkTMS uses OCR to automatically extract data from photographed BOLs, scale tickets, and invoices.

Owner-Operator

General

A truck driver who owns and operates their own truck. Many bulk freight operations are run by owner-operators hauling grain, aggregates, or other commodities.

Pneumatic Trailer

Equipment

A sealed tank trailer that uses air pressure to unload dry bulk commodities like flour, cement, plastic pellets, and fly ash.

Scale Ticket

Documents

A document from a certified scale showing the weight of a loaded and/or empty truck. Scale tickets are essential for per-ton billing in bulk freight.

Tare Weight

Weight

The weight of an empty truck and trailer. Tare weight is subtracted from gross weight to determine the net weight of the commodity being hauled.

Test Weight

Agriculture

A measure of grain density, expressed in pounds per bushel. Test weight affects grain grade and pricing. Standard test weight for corn is 56 lbs/bushel.

TMS (Transportation Management System)

Technology

Software that helps carriers, brokers, and shippers manage freight operations, including dispatching, load tracking, invoicing, and analytics. BulkTMS is built specifically for bulk freight.

Walking Floor

Equipment

A trailer with a moving floor system that pushes bulk cargo out the rear. Used for wood chips, feed ingredients, recycling materials, and other bulk products.

Washout

Operations

Cleaning a tanker trailer between loads to prevent contamination. Required when switching between different liquid products, especially food-grade commodities.

26 terms defined